The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Pediatric Cancer Care: Psychosocial, and Economic Perspectives

Masih Ganji  Ashtijeh; Iraj Hosseini  Sadrabad; Abdolreza  Barzega

doi:10.18502/ijpho.v15i4.19636

Masih Ganji Ashtijeh Department of law, May.c. Islamic Azad University, Maybod, Iran
Iraj Hosseini Sadrabad Department of law, May.c. Islamic Azad University, Maybod, Iran
Abdolreza Barzega Department of law, May.c. Islamic Azad University, Maybod, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpho.v15i4.19636

Keywords: Cancer, Caregiver burden, Childhood, Non-governmental organizations

Abstract

Childhood cancer represents a major global health challenge and remains one of the leading causes of death among children, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where more than 80% of cases occur. The rising incidence is attributed to factors such as population growth, aging, tobacco use, poor dietary habits, obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and exposure to infection-related carcinogens. In addition to the clinical burden, families of children with cancer face significant psychosocial and financial challenges, which can compromise both caregiver well-being and treatment outcomes. These challenges highlight the need for comprehensive strategies that go beyond medical care to include psychosocial and socioeconomic support.

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have emerged as important actors in addressing these gaps. Their independence, community orientation, and voluntary nature enable them to provide services that governments and healthcare systems often overlook. This review highlights the multifaceted contributions of NGOs in pediatric cancer care, including psychosocial interventions, financial assistance, advocacy, and policy engagement. Evidence shows that interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy, problem-solving skills training, and family therapy effectively reduce caregiver stress, anxiety, and depression, while enhancing coping abilities and indirectly improving children’s treatment outcomes. At the same time, NGOs play a crucial role in reducing the economic burden of cancer care by mobilizing resources, covering out-of-pocket expenses, and facilitating access to services in resource-limited settings.

Examples from Iran, India, and global studies demonstrate that NGO-led initiatives can enhance psychosocial well-being, and increase access to healthcare. Strengthening these efforts represents a promising approach to reducing caregiver burden and improving the quality of life of children with cancer. Future research should explore sustainable models of NGO involvement, and policymakers are encouraged to integrate NGO capacities into national pediatric cancer control strategies.