The Effect of Combination Iron Chelating Agents on Reducing the Severity Grading of Heart and Liver Iron Overload in β-Thalassemia Patients

Abstract

Background: Deferasirox (DFX), Deferoxamine (DFO), and Deferiprone (DFP) are iron chelators that can be used in thalassemic patients with iron overload.

Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 108 thalassemic patients who were randomly divided into group A (n=54) and B (n=54). Group A received combination of DFX and DFP, and group B received DFO and DFP for six months. Serum ferritin level was measured at the beginning of the study, 3, and 6 months after the treatment; The heart and liver iron deposition rates were also measured at the beginning of the study, and 6 months after the treatment  in both groups and compared using Magnetic Resonance Imaging T2 plus (MRI T2*).

Results: The mean age of patients in group A and B was 17.29±4.3 and 17.89±5.61 years old, respectively. Serum ferritin level significantly reduced after the treatment (Serum ferritin level at baseline, 3, and 6 months after the treatment in Group A: 2476.25±1289.32, 2089.62±1051.64 and 1290.22±724.78 ng/ml, respectively; in Group B: 2044.63±989.82, 1341.30±887.62 and 1229.41±701.22 ng/ml, respectively) (p<0.01, for both groups). MRI T2* heart and liver was also improved at the end of the study in both groups (p<0.01, for both groups). However, the combination of DFO/DFP significantly decreased severity grades of liver iron deposition in comparison to DFX/DFP regimen after six months (p<0.01).

Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that both combination therapies of DFO/DFP and DFX/DFP could improve heart and liver MRI T2*. However, DFO/DFP combination therapy was more effective in reducing the severity grades of liver iron deposition.