Hematopoietic stem cell transplant therapy, clinical trials, complications, and quality of life for patients with Sickle cell anemia: Clinical potential and future perspectives

  • Henu Kumar Verma Department of Immunopathology, Institute of lungs Biology and Disease, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
  • Yashwant Kumar Ratre Department of Biotechnology, Guru GhasidasVishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India.
  • L.V.K.S Bhaskar Department of Zoology, Guru GhasidasVishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India.
  • Tarun Sahu Department of Physiology, AIIMS, Raipur, India.
  • Devendra Purushottam Lingojwar Regional Society for Education and Research in Community Health, Pune, India
Keywords: Hemoglobinopathy, Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, Quality of Life, Sickle cell Anemia

Abstract

Background: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited monogenic disorder. The clinical symptoms of SCA are protean, including vaso-occlusion, hemolysis, early stroke, leg ulcers, multi-organ failure, and increased risk of premature death. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only treatment identified to reduce SCA-related organ damage. Unfortunately, graft rejection is a significant impediment to these strategies.

Materials and Methods: The current standard of treatment for the past two decades is limited to myeloablative-matched sibling donors, which is likely to be only for minor patients and is feasible for non-malignant giant disease. Cumulative studies showed that HSCT increases overall survival and quality of life in patients with SCA.

Results: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is significantly associated with a higher risk of graft versus host disease and moderate mortality risk. New strategy lacking standard donors includes cord blood, matched unrelated donors/ Haploidentical donors.

Conclusion: This review summarized evidence from HSCT clinical trials from different transplantation methods, specific HSCT and HSCT-related health problems that need to be addressed in medical contexts with patients and family members, and other areas that enhance the quality of life in SCA.

Published
2022-10-22
Section
Articles