Visual and Auditory Complications during Deferasirox Therapy in Beta-thalassemia

Parastoo Poosheshdoost; Niloofar Faraji; Tahereh Zeinali; Adel Baghersalimi; Aye Miremarati; Bahram Darbandi

doi:10.18502/ijpho.v12i4.10913

Parastoo Poosheshdoost Pediatric Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
Niloofar Faraji Gastrointestinal and Liver disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical science, Rasht, Iran
Tahereh Zeinali Gastrointestinal and Liver disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical science, Rasht, Iran
Adel Baghersalimi Pediatric Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
Aye Miremarati Pediatric Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
Bahram Darbandi Pediatric Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpho.v12i4.10913

Keywords: Beta-thalassemia, Deferasirox, Hearing loss, Iron chelator, Visual acuity

Abstract

Background: Deferasirox is an oral iron chelator widely used to treat iron overload in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia. This study investigated the prevalence of visual and auditory complications caused by deferasirox.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 156 patients aged less than 18 years with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia and deferasirox iron chelator consumption admitted to the 17 Shahrivar Hospital and the Besat Clinic in Rasht, Iran. All the patients were examined for visual and auditory complications caused by deferasirox in 2019. A checklist of the patients' demographical and clinical data was recorded. Data analysis was done with SPSS and reported by descriptive statistics. Then, Fisher's exact test was performed to examine the association between visual and auditory disorders and the use of deferasirox in terms of disease-related variables including age, sex, age of onset of using chelator, drug use duration, drug dosage, and mean 6-months serum ferritin levels (P <0.05 as the significance level).

Results: Of a total of 156 patients, 103 (66%) were female and 56 (35.9%) were 20-30 years of age. The prevalence of visual acuity change was 0.6%, and the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss was 1.3%. There was only one female with the visual disorder decreasing to 9/10 and with a dose of 31-40 mg/kg/day with an average of 1000-2500 ng/ml six-month ferritin. Also, two females with hearing impairment were confirmed with a dose of ≤30 mg/kg/day, and an average of ≤1000 ng/ml six-month ferritin. The Fisher's exact test results showed no significant relationship between visual and auditory disorders with the use of deferasirox in terms of disease-related variables (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The study's findings showed no significant relationship between visual and auditory disorders with deferasirox consumption. The results indicated the safety of deferasirox regarding visual and auditory side effects. More studies are required to confirm the findings.