International Journal of Medical Laboratory

Immunology in Aging: Strategies for Enhancing Immune Function in the Elderly

2025-11-19T12:19:51+00:00

The Article Abstract is not available.

Taurine can Protect Against Arsenic-Induced Reproductive Toxicity Through Autophagy

2025-11-19T12:21:02+00:00

Introduction: Arsenic is a potent environmental toxin associated with male infertility. Taurine (TAU) has been demonstrated to regulate oxidative stress biomarkers and improve mitochondrial function.

Materials and Methods: It evaluated the hypothesis that TAU could recover spermatogenesis dysfunction in an arsenic-treated rat model. Then, 24 adult male rats were challenged as follows (n=6/group) for 35 consecutive days: control (distilled water; gavage); 3 mg/l/day sodium arsenite; TAU (1000 mg/kg; 14) during arsenic exposure; and TAU during the study period. 24 h after the last treatment, animals were euthanized, serum samples were processed for assessing sex hormone levels, and testes were processed for weight, oxidative stress indices, histopathology, and RNA extraction for expression levels of autophagic marker genes.

Results: Arsenic causes defective pathologic effects, and upregulates autophagic marker gene expression and production of free radicals. TAU exposure notably ameliorated the autophagy dysregulation through downregulation of the autophagic genes by inhibition of oxidative changes.

Conclusion: This study presents a novel scientific approach to arsenic spermatogenesis dysfunction, attributed to TAU’s antioxidant activity.

Impact of Interval Training and Prosopis Farcta on Intestinal GLP-1 Gene Expression in Diabetic Male Rats

2025-11-19T12:22:14+00:00

Introduction: The present study investigated the effect of six weeks of interval training and consumption of Prosopis farcta root extract (PFRE) on Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) gene expression in the intestine of diabetic male rats.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 50 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (control, diabetes, diabetes + intermittent exercise, diabetes + PFRE, diabetes + exercise and PFRE). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Interval training includes 5 to 12 repetitions at an intensity of 24 to 34 m/min (75-100% maximum speed) of 60 seconds with active rest intervals of 75 seconds, six days a week for six weeks. PFRE was given to the animals at a dose of 300 mg/kg by the gavage method. After six weeks, the animals were anesthetized, and blood samples were taken directly from the hearts of the animals, and the duodenal part of their intestines was removed to evaluate the GLP-1 gene expression.

Results: Diabetes induction significantly increased plasma glucose concentration and GLP-1 gene expression (about 16 times the control group). Also, the concentration of plasma glucose decreased significantly after 6 weeks of intermittent training, consumption of PFRE, and the combination of exercise and PFRE. (P=0.0001) But no significant difference was observed between the intervention groups. Intermittent training (32.3%), PFRE (72.8%), and the combination of exercise and PFRE (92.6%) decreased GLP-1 gene expression compared to the diabetes group.

Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that interval training, PFRE, and the combination of two interventions reduce blood glucose. Also, GLP-1 gene expression was significantly reduced in the consumption of PFRE and the combination of exercise and PFRE, but interval training alone had no significant effect on GLP-1 gene expression

Epidemiological and Laboratory Investigation of Influenza in Hospitalized Patients at Yazd with Emphasis on Improving Influenza Registry Deficiencies

2025-11-19T12:22:22+00:00

Introduction: Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by three types of viruses: A, B, and C. Types A and B are responsible for the majority of human infections. This study represents the first epidemiological and laboratory investigation of influenza in Yazd Province in recent years.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on patients at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, with a clinical diagnosis of influenza. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for influenza B and H1N1 were performed on all patients.

Result: Among these patients, PCR results were positive for 417 patients (73.8%), of which 64 were positive for type B and 353 for subtype H1N1 (62.5%). The remaining patients had other influenza-like illnesses. The clinical outcome for 18 H1N1 patients was death. The most common underlying condition was hypertension, present in 63 patients (11.2%). The most common clinical symptoms of H1N1 were cough, fever, and shortness of breath in 63.5%, 62.3%, and 51.6%, respectively. Platelet counts were significantly lower in both H1N1 and influenza B patients compared to PCR-negative patients (p = 0.002). Neutrophil and lymphocyte percentage differences were most prominent in H1N1 cases, with H1N1 showing the highest neutrophils and lowest lymphocytes (p = 0.001).

Conclusion: Prominent clinical symptoms and laboratory findings, such as decreased platelet counts and altered neutrophil and lymphocyte ratios, were key in supporting the diagnosis of influenza, especially H1N1. While most patients recovered, the higher mortality among H1N1 cases highlights the importance of early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and seasonal preparedness

Inborn Errors of Immunity Associated with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

2025-11-19T12:23:21+00:00

Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are heterogeneous genetic disorders that are susceptible to frequent bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. Herpes simplex virus type 1, 2 (HSV1, 2) is the most common and important cause of viral encephalitis. Innate and acquired immunity have a central role in controlling HSV infection. There is incomplete evidence about the increased susceptibility to herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) in HSV-infected patients. Studies strongly suggest that HSE has a genetic susceptibility at least in some people. Several studies have shown that defects in the Toll-like Receptor (TLR)3 signaling and interferon (IFN) production and IFN-independent cell-intrinsic mechanisms contribute to HSE. We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to select the latest and most reliable papers and articles published in English and Persian. In the present review, we discuss IEI and genetic abnormalities that predispose individuals to HSE. Genetic defects in components of the TLR3 signaling pathway, such as TLR3, UNC93B1, TRIF, TRAF3, IRF3, and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), have been reported as responsible genes for HSE. Other genetic mutations have also been found as the etiology of HSE in some people. Despite HSE being a rare complication of HSV, genetic evaluation of these patients can diagnose some IEI and may give us new insights for future investigations in the fields of diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis

Verification of Analytical Performance of the Jaffé Kinetic Creatinine Assay on the Architect ci-2800 According to ISO 15189 Guidelines

2025-11-19T12:27:56+00:00

Introduction: Creatinine is a key parameter for evaluating renal function. This study aims to assess the repeatability, reproducibility, measurement uncertainty, and method comparison for creatinine measurement by the Jaffé kinetic method on the Architect ci-2800, relying on three levels of controls (low, medium, high).

Materials and Methods: Thirty fresh serum 7.17–74, 6 mg/L range measurements per level were carried out to determine repeatability, and a monitoring period of several days made it possible to evaluate reproducibility. Measurement uncertainty was estimated following the internal quality control + external evaluation of quality. The method comparison in order to estimate bias and the correlation coefficient was assessed by Bland–Altman analysis.. The results were interpreted according to limits set by the reference values (SFBC and RICOS), as well as the manufacturer.

Results: Repeatability coefficient of variations (CVs) were 1.13 % (low), 1.05 % (medium), and 0.50 % (high), all below RICOS targets. Intermediate CVs over 30 days were 2.91 %, 2.02 % and 1.75 %. Expanded uncertainty (k = 2) ranged from 6.4 % to 7.2 % (RICOS ≤ 8.2 %). Regression gave y = 1.005 x – 0.365, r = 0.999, with a mean bias of 2.15 %.

Conclusion: Creatinine measurement by the Jaffé kinetic method on the Architect ci-2800 shows excellent performance in terms of precision (repeatability, reproducibility, measurement uncertainty) and inter-instrument correlation. Quality criteria are generally satisfied, ensuring reliable use for routine clinical monitoring of renal function.

Clinicopathological Characteristics and Survival Outcomes of Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study

2025-11-19T12:28:25+00:00

Introduction: Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a highly aggressive subtype of adenocarcinoma distinguished by the presence of mucin-secreting signet-ring cells. Although SRCC is rare, it is often diagnosed at advanced stages and has a poor prognosis. Knowing the clinical symptoms of SRCC can help with early diagnosis and better management of the patients. This article aims to determine the characteristics, anatomical sites involved, clinical symptoms, and survival times of patients with SRCC.

Materials and Methods: We retrospectively studied clinical records of patients diagnosed with SRCC from 2011 to 2021 in the Pathology Department of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital. We obtained the survival duration by contacting the patients. Age, sex, anatomical position of the carcinoma, and clinical symptoms of patients were identified.

Results:143 eligible SRCC patients were enrolled, including 77 men and 66 women. The mean age of the population was 55.15±16.29 years. Regarding the anatomical position of carcinoma, the highest percentage of involvement was in the stomach (67.8%), followed by the esophagus (9.1%) and lung (7.7%). The most frequent clinical symptom was abdominal pain (36.3%), followed by dyspepsia (16.8%) and Gastrointestinal obstruction (14%). Among the 57 patients for whom survival data were available, the median survival duration was 7 months. The survival rates after 1, 3, and 5 years were 40%, 32% and 24%, respectively.

Conclusion: The clinicopathological characteristics and survival time of SRCC patients were determined and reported. The stomach was the most frequently involved organ, and abdominal pain was the most reported clinical symptom.

Clinicopathological Evaluation of Thrombocytopenia in Children Under 14 Years Based on Bone Marrow Aspiration Samples Submitted to the Pathology Department of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd (2016–2022)

2025-11-19T12:28:58+00:00

Introduction: Platelets play a crucial role in maintaining endothelial integrity and controlling bleeding in small vascular injuries by forming platelet plugs. Thrombocytopenia encompasses a wide range of clinical manifestations and pathological diagnoses. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological features of thrombocytopenia in children under 14 years presenting to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd.

Materials and Methods: Data were collected using a pre-designed checklist including age, gender, pathological diagnosis, complete blood count (CBC) findings, and clinical symptoms. All cases of thrombocytopenia in children under 14 years were extracted from the pathology records of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, employing the Chi-square test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Bone marrow aspirations from 375 children under 14 years with thrombocytopenia were analyzed, including 215 males and 160 females. The most affected age group was 1–5 years (50.7%), with males comprising 57.3% of cases. The most common pathological finding was acute leukemia (47.2%). Non-malignant diagnoses were overall more prevalent than malignant ones. The most frequent CBC finding was bicytopenia (low platelets and hemoglobin, 44.8%), and the most common clinical manifestation was bleeding manifestations (48.3%).

Conclusion: This study highlights that acute leukemia is the predominant pathological diagnosis in pediatric thrombocytopenia, with bleeding manifestations being the most common clinical presentation. These findings underscore the importance of thorough clinicopathological evaluation in effectively managing pediatric thrombocytopenia