IL-8 May Be the Target of Arsenic in Human Breast Milk

Khodayar Ghorban; Maryam  Dadmanesh; Mahmood  Sheikh Fathollahi; Zeynab  Rezai; Paria  Ezati; Mohammad Hossein   Salmani; Fatemeh Akrami Mohajeri; Hasan  YousefiDaredor; Hasan Ebrahimi; Derek  Kennedy; Mohammad  Kazemi Arababadi

doi:10.18502/ijml.v7i1.2470

Khodayar Ghorban
Maryam Dadmanesh
Mahmood Sheikh Fathollahi
Zeynab Rezai
Paria Ezati
Mohammad Hossein Salmani
Fatemeh Akrami Mohajeri
Hasan YousefiDaredor
Hasan Ebrahimi
Derek Kennedy
Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijml.v7i1.2470

Keywords: Aflatoxin M1 Arsenic IL-6 IL-8 Nickel

Abstract

Background and Aims: The critical aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of breast-milk contamination with Nickel and Arsenic, as well as aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) on the milk levels of IL-6 and IL-8.

Materials and Methods: Breast milk was collected from 76 mothers on the 30th day post-parturition and milk levels of AFM1, Nickel, Arsenic, IL-6 and IL-8 were evaluated.

Results: The results showed 8 and 29 out of 76 collected samples being contaminated with AFM1, Nickel and Arsenic, respectively. Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in the milk samples did not differ in AFM1 and Nickel and Arsenic contaminated milk compared with the normal controls (non-contaminated milks). There was a moderate positive relation between milk levels of IL-8 and Arsenic.

Conclusions: Although AFM1, Nickel and Arsenic are the inducers of cytokine production; they are unable to induce secretion of IL-6 in breast milk. Arsenic can be a trigger of IL-8, which is a strong chemoattract for neutrophils. Thus, it appears that Arsenic may induce an inflammation in milk in IL-8 dependent manner.