Evaluation of Lipid Peroxidation, Nitric Oxide Metabolites, and Plasma Total Homocysteine Concentration in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Zeynab  Ahmarinezhad; Mohammad Reza  Deyhim; Mahbub Lesan  Pezeshki; Mohammad Taghi  Najafi; Fahimeh  Khoshnaghsh

doi:10.18502/ijml.v11i2.17856

Zeynab Ahmarinezhad Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
Mohammad Reza Deyhim Iranian Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
Mahbub Lesan Pezeshki Nephrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Taghi Najafi Nephrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Fahimeh Khoshnaghsh Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shariat Razavi Hospital, Tehran, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijml.v11i2.17856

Keywords: Chronic kidney failure, Homocysteine, Lipid peroxidation, Nitric oxide, Oxidative damage

Abstract

Introduction: Numerous factors contribute to the advancement of progressive kidney damage in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Among these, oxidative damage plays a significant role in the progression of CKD. The reactions involving free radicals are recognized as a crucial element that can exacerbate oxidative damage in patients with CKD. However, the precise mechanisms underlying oxidative damage remain incompletely understood. Consequently, this study aimed to explore oxidative and other associated biochemical parameters.

Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 38 male and 23 female patients, with mean ages of 58.9 ± 15.9 and 62.13 ± 13.43 years, respectively. At the same time, 40 healthy male and 22 healthy female individuals with an average age of 60.33 ± 10.62 and 59.3 ± 6.64, respectively, were selected as the control group who had no history of any diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, infection and kidney disease. Research variables including malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide metabolites (nitrite/nitrate), and homocysteine (Hcy) concentration were measured in both case and control groups. Statistical analysis was done according to the obtained results.

Results: There was a significant increase in homocysteine concentration in CKD patients compared to the control (P = 0.001). Nitrite and nitrate metabolites exhibited a substantial reduction in patients when compared to the control group (P = 0.001). On the other hand, malondialdehyde (MDA) showed a significant increase in patients compared to controls (P = 0.01).

Conclusion: The findings indicate that homocysteine levels, lipid peroxidation, and alterations in nitric oxide may significantly contribute to the progression of oxidative damage in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may also influence the disease’s pathogenesis.