The Moral Status of the Fetus from the Perspective of Islamic Philosophy: An Examination of Arguments Based on the Rational Soul and Substantial Motion

Abstract

The moral status of the fetus constitutes one of the fundamental foundations in discussions concerning the fetus and the respect owed to it. This issue requires a profound examination of its philosophical and religious underpinnings. Employing a descriptive-analytical method and drawing on Islamic philosophical texts through library-based research, this study sought to investigate the philosophical foundations for attributing moral status to the fetus. The primary question of this study was whether, from the perspective of Islamic philosophy, the fetus possesses moral status and what arguments may be advanced to substantiate this claim. The findings indicated that within the works of Muslim philosophers, one can identify arguments grounded in the species-essence of the human being, developmental potentiality, the bestowed nature of life as a divine gift, and existential continuity, all of which lead to the conclusion that the fetus possesses moral status. Through an analysis of the views of Muslim philosophers within their philosophical context, this study endeavored to present a systematic interpretation of the arguments put forth by proponents of the rational soul and the doctrine of substantial motion in defense of fetal rights. The application of these arguments extends beyond purely scientific and philosophical discourse and can significantly influence ethical decision-making in society