A Review of the Molecular Mechanisms of Aerobic Exercise in Modulating Adipose Tissue Apoptosis and Inflammation in Obese with Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Obesity and inflammation are major risk factors for various diseases, and metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder characterized by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and abdominal obesity. Aerobic exercise appears to reduce obesity-induced inflammation. The purpose of this study was to review the molecular mechanisms of aerobic exercise in modulating adipose tissue apoptosis and inflammation in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Studies related to the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in women with metabolic syndrome evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise on apoptotic signaling pathways and adipose tissue inflammation. Aerobic exercise appears to increase the expression of the BCL-2 gene and decrease the expression of BAX and caspase-3, thereby delaying the apoptotic process. In addition, aerobic exercise reduced body fat percentage, fasting insulin levels, insulin resistance, and was associated with decreased apoptosis and inflammation of adipose tissue in individuals with metabolic syndrome. The findings indicate that aerobic exercise exerts significant beneficial effects on factors associated with metabolic syndrome and may represent an appropriate and effective strategy for appetite regulation in individuals with metabolic syndrome.