Relationship between Probiotics and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review

Amir Hossein  Kheirkhah; Mohammad Javad  Forouzani-Moghaddam; Mohammad  Afkhami-Ardekani

doi:10.18502/ijdo.v15i2.12971

Amir Hossein Kheirkhah Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Mohammad Javad Forouzani-Moghaddam Master of Food Microbiology, School of Paramedical, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani Professor of Endocrinology, Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadougdi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijdo.v15i2.12971

Keywords: Diabetes, Probiotics, Insulin

Abstract

Objective: Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that can be caused by either inherited or acquired insufficiency insulin secretion, or the body's inability to effectively utilize the insulin it produces. There are three primary classifications of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by elevated levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), indicating a disturbance in glucose metabolism. The term "probiotics" refers to living microorganisms that provide beneficial effects on the host's health. The effects of probiotics on T2DM in humans have shown conflicting results. Some studies have demonstrated that probiotic treatment substantially reduces HbA1c, FBG, or insulin resistance (IR) in patients with T2DM. However, other studies have found no significant difference between probiotic-treated patients and those receiving a placebo.. The use of probiotics was found to enhance glucose metabolism and HbA1c levels in individuals with T2DM. These findings are in line with previous reviews conducted on this topic.