Neurocognitive Correlates of Decision Making; Review of Literature and Designing a Conceptual Model Neurocognitive Insights into Decision Making

Abstract

Background: Decision-making is a cognitive process with complex neural underpinnings, fundamental to all human behavior. This study reviewed existing research to present a comprehensive model of this process, integrating the functions of specific brain regions with cognitive and emotional factors to create a complete framework.

Methods: Using a qualitative approach, we conducted a literature review across reputable databases. Neurocognitive factors were extracted and validated through a series of expert panel sessions with eight specialists. The final conceptual model was designed, and its validity was confirmed through a multi-stage consensus process.

Results: The model provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the neurocognitive mechanisms of decisionmaking. It integrates cognitive, emotional, and motivational factors—such as intention, emotion, and cognitive reserve— to explain how choices are made and outcomes are evaluated. The model emphasizes the key roles of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, and demonstrates how external stimuli influence this process.

Conclusion: This validated model offers an integrated framework for the decision-making process, highlighting the interplay between key brain regions and cognitive and emotional factors. The model has important applications in education, psychotherapy, and designing interventions to improve decision-making skills