Association of Blood Glucose Variability with Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes: A Review Study

Shahrzad  Mohseni; Mohammadreza  Mohajeri-Tehrani; Mahnaz Pejman  Sani

doi:10.18502/ijdl.v25i6.20856

Shahrzad Mohseni Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammadreza Mohajeri-Tehrani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mahnaz Pejman Sani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijdl.v25i6.20856

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Blood glucose variability, Microvascular complications, Macrovascular complications

Abstract

Blood glucose variability, defined as variations in blood glucose levels over time, is increasingly recognized as asignificant factor in the pathology of diabetes complications. While chronic hyperglycemia has been linked tomicrovascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and macrovascular complications (coronaryartery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease), emerging evidence suggests that glucose variability is anindependent risk factor for these conditions. This review examined the relationship between blood glucose variabilityand the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes, highlighting the underlyingmechanisms, clinical implications, and therapeutic approaches.