The Effect of Aerobic Exercise Timing, Specifically Contrasting the Light Phase with the Dark Phase, on the Protein Expression Levels of the Inflammatory Marker C3 and Interleukin1 Beta (IL-1β) in Older Adults’ Women Diagnosed with Type2 Diabetes Mellitus

Zahra Hemati  Farsani; Azra Mohammahpanah  Ardakan; Zahra  Heydari; Zahra Raisi  Filabadi

doi:10.18502/ijdl.v25i4.20241

Zahra Hemati Farsani Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ardakan University, Yazd, Iran
Azra Mohammahpanah Ardakan Department of psychology, faculty of Humanistic and social sciences, Ardakan University, Yazd, Iran
Zahra Heydari Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Zahra Raisi Filabadi Department of Sport Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijdl.v25i4.20241

Keywords: Aerobic exercise, Exercise timing, Older adult women, Type 2 diabetes, Complement C3, IL1β

Abstract

Background: Inflammatory protein C3 and IL-1β are significantly involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes(T2D) and Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, examining the importance of aerobic exercise timing (light vs. dark phase)can provide a better understanding of how exercise timing affects inflammatory markers associated with neurologicaldiseases in older adult women with T2D. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercisetiming on C3 and IL-1β levels in older adults’ women with T2D.

Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 45 women with T2D with an average age of 60 ± 5.07 years were dividedinto training groups (light and dark phase) and control (15 people in each group). Aerobic exercise was performed for12 weeks at a moderate intensity (60-70% of heart rate reserve). Protein levels (C3 and IL-1β) were measured beforeand after the intervention using the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using SPSS27 software and ANOVA with asignificance level of 0.05.

Results: Complement C3 was significantly lower in the dark phase exercise group compared to the control group (P=0.0083). Additionally, the results showed that dark phase aerobic exercise significantly decreased C3 (P= 0.0028) andIL-1β (P= 0.0045) levels compared to baseline.

Conclusion: Aerobic exercise performed during the dark phase effectively reduced inflammatory protein levels of C3and IL-1β in older adult women with T2D, suggesting it could be considered as a crucial strategy in managing this disease.