The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Plasma Irisin Levels and Glycemic Indices in Obese and Type 2 Diabetic People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: Irisine is a new myokine that is released from the membrane protein fndc5 and has positive effects onmetabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training on plasma irisinlevels and glycemic indices in obese and type 2 diabetic people.

Methods: A systematic search of published English and Persian articles was conducted from PubMed, Web of Science,Scopus, SID, and Magiran databases up to 20 November 2024. The mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI)were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the (I2) test and publication bias wasassessed using visual analysis of funnel plots and Egger's test.

Results: A total of 11 studies and 264 obese and type 2 diabetic subjects were included in the present meta-analysis. Theresults showed that high-intensity interval training significantly increased irisin [WMD = 1.448 ng/ml (2.280 to 0.616),P= 0.001], significantly decreased glucose [WMD = -12.127 mg/dl (-24.180 to -0.074), P= 0.049] and insulin resistance[WMD= -1.275 (-0.567 to -1.983), P= 0.001] compared to the control group in obese and type 2 diabetic subjects. Whileinsulin [WMD= -0.249Iu/ml (3.402 to -3.901), P= 0.894] was not significantly reduced.

Conclusion: Overall, the findings of the present meta-analysis indicate that high-intensity interval training plays aneffective role in irisin, glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance to high-intensity interval training. High-intensity intervaltraining increases irisin, decreases glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance in obese and diabetic individuals. Lifestylemodification and exercise training are preferred treatment strategy in obese and type 2 diabetic people