Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oil of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) in Com-parison with Its Major Constituent, Eugenol, against Anopheles stephensi

Mahmoud Osanloo; Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat; Fariba Esmaeili; Amir Amani

doi:10.18502/jad.v12i4.354

Mahmoud Osanloo
Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat
Fariba Esmaeili
Amir Amani

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v12i4.354

Keywords: Larvicidal activity, HPLC, Syzigium aromaticum, Eugenol, Essential oil, Anopheles stephensi

Abstract

Background: In this study, larvicidal activity of clove essential oil (EO), as a green and relatively potent larvicide, was compared with its main constituent, Eugenol, against Anopheles stephensi.

Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the amount of eugenol, major constituent of clove EO. In addition, larvicidal activity of clove EO and eugenol was evaluated against An. stephensi.

Results: The amount of eugenol in clove EO was determined as 67% using HPLC analysis. LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ of clove EO (57.49 and 93.14ppm, respectively) were significantly lower than those of eugenol (86.96 and 128.18 ppm, respectively).

Conclusion: EO showed more effective than its major component. Considering the lower cost of the essential oil and lower risk in occurrence of resistance in larvae, use of clove EO is preferred as larvicide in comparison with eugenol, against An. stephensi.